All available contraceptives can be divided into three different groups, based on what they contain and how they work.

1. Contraception that contains estrogen and progestin (combination contraceptives)

The pill, contraceptive rings, and contraceptive patches are combination methods that contain the female hormones estrogen and progesterone (called progestin in contraceptives). The advantage of these is that you can control your periods every month. Periods (menstruation) occur in the week you don’t take pills or use a ring or patch, or when you take the sugar pills. It’s also possible to delay menstruation by skipping over these weeks.

2. Contraception with only progestin

IUDs, contraceptive implants, progestin-only pills, and progestin injections are contraceptives that contain only progestin. The advantage of these is that there is no increased risk of blood clots, stroke, or heart attack. The disadvantage is that you have little control over your periods, especially the first few months. Some people lose their periods entirely. There are large variations in menstrual cycles from person to person, and unfortunately there is no way to predict yours will be. IUDs and implants are long-term contraceptives, and are recommended as a first choice when starting with contraceptives. Implants lasts for three years, and are the most effective form of contraception that exists. It is approximately as long as a match, is soft, and can’t break. The implant is placed just under the skin in the upper arm, so that it can be felt, but can’t be seen. If you want an IUD, a hormonal IUD is a good choice. This is because it causes lighter periods, and is more effective than a copper IUD. Hormonal IUDs exist in several varieties, and typically last for five years.

3. Hormone-free contraceptives

Condoms and copper IUDs are the main contraceptives that don’t contain hormones. The advantage of using these is that you keep your own menstrual cycle. There is also no risk of hormonal side effects. Condoms are the only method that protect against both pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. The disadvantage of condoms is that they are considered the least effect form of contraception, since there is the chance of user error. Therefore, teaching yourself to put on condoms correctly is important if you’re using them as your only form of contraception. The copper IUD has good efficacy, and you can have it for 5 years. The disadvantage is that cramps and bleeding can increase.

How to choose the right contraception